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Combined with the related research progress of the application of chemical space in the field of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), the common database resources and calculation tools of chemical space research are summarized and analyzed. The compatibility law of chemical space in TCM prescriptions, the screening of effective ingredients of TCMs, and TCM compounds are summarized. It was found that the current studies mainly focus on the efficacy and multi-target studies of TCMs and TCM compound, among which there are more studies on osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. The existing studies have clarified the efficacy and targets of TCMs or TCM compound for diseases, but there is still a lack of a database on the main components of all TCMs and the efficacy and main targets of TCM compound. Therefore, there needs a new database for the main efficacy molecules and targets of TCMs.
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C18 ceramide plays an important role in the occurrence and development of oral squamous cell carcinoma. However, the function of ceramide synthase 1, a key enzyme in C18 ceramide synthesis, in oral squamous cell carcinoma is still unclear. The aim of our study was to investigate the relationship between ceramide synthase 1 and oral cancer. In this study, we found that the expression of ceramide synthase 1 was downregulated in oral cancer tissues and cell lines. In a mouse oral squamous cell carcinoma model induced by 4-nitroquinolin-1-oxide, ceramide synthase 1 knockout was associated with the severity of oral malignant transformation. Immunohistochemical studies showed significant upregulation of PCNA, MMP2, MMP9, and BCL2 expression and downregulation of BAX expression in the pathological hyperplastic area. In addition, ceramide synthase 1 knockdown promoted cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro. Overexpression of CERS1 obtained the opposite effect. Ceramide synthase 1 knockdown caused endoplasmic reticulum stress and induced the VEGFA upregulation. Activating transcription factor 4 is responsible for ceramide synthase 1 knockdown caused VEGFA transcriptional upregulation. In addition, mild endoplasmic reticulum stress caused by ceramide synthase 1 knockdown could induce cisplatin resistance. Taken together, our study suggests that ceramide synthase 1 is downregulated in oral cancer and promotes the aggressiveness of oral squamous cell carcinoma and chemotherapeutic drug resistance.
Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Apoptosis , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell , Cell Line, Tumor , Down-Regulation , Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress , Head and Neck Neoplasms , Mouth Neoplasms , OxidoreductasesABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To detect variant of PIH1D3 gene in a Chinese pedigree affected with primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) and explore its genotype-relationship correlation.@*METHODS@#PCD patients from the pedigree were analyzed. Ultrastructures of the cilia and flagella of the nasal mucosa were analyzed. DNA samples of the patients were sequenced.@*RESULTS@#The proband and all other affected members of his pedigree had a history of various degree of respiratory tract infection. Two patients had visceral heterotopia, and one was infertile. Electronic microscopy revealed abnormal structures of cilia and flagella. The inner and outer dynein arms were missing, and the arrangement of cilia was disordered. DNA sequencing showed that all patients have carried a c.355C>T variant of the PIH1D3 gene. The corresponding nucleotide was located in a key PIH1 domain, and the site is highly conserved among human, macaque, domestic dog, mouse, xenopus and zebrafish.@*CONCLUSION@#Deletion of the PIH1D3 gene can lead to failure of assembly of inner and outer dynein arms in nasal cilia and sperm flagella, and failure of normal swimming of cilia and sperm. The diagnosis rate of PCD can be validated by genetic testing.
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Objective@#To investigate the effect of endoscopic tympanic membrane repair in the clinical treatment of patients with chronic suppurative otitis media with tympanic membrane perforation.@*Methods@#From November 2014 to September 2018, 72 patients with chronic suppurative otitis media with tympanic membrane perforation in Taizhou Central Hospital were divided into control group and observation group according to different treatment methods, with 36 cases in each group.The control group underwent microsurgical tympanic membrane repair, the observation group underwent endoscopic tympanic membrane repair.The bleeding volume and operation time of the two groups were compared.The pain degrees of the two groups were evaluated by numerical simulation scale (VAS). The postoperative hospital stay and complications were recorded.The postoperative follow-up of 6 months was used to evaluate the aesthetics of the two groups.The hearing improvement status and treatment effect of the two groups were evaluated.@*Results@#The average surgical bleeding volume of the observation group was (6.14±1.25)mL, which was significantly less than that of the control group [(19.87±2.65)mL], and the operation time was (75.69±2.54)min, which was significantly shorter than that of the control group [(102.34±3.69)min](t=28.116, 35.694, all P<0.05). The VAS score of the observation group was (2.34±0.62)points, which was significantly lower than that of the control group [(3.59±0.85)points](t=7.128, P<0.05). The average length of hospital stay in the observation group was (4.89±1.25)d, which was significantly shorter than that in the control group [(9.18±1.36)d](t=13.935, P<0.05). The incision satisfaction of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05). The improvement in hearing of the observation group was (22.058±10.129)dB, which of the control group was (21.695±9.764)dB, the difference was not statistically significant (P=0.487). The effective rate of the observation group was 94.44%(34/36), which of the control group was 91.67%(33/36) (χ2=3.598, P=0.165). The incidence rate of complications in the observation group was 2.78%(1/36), which was significantly lower than 16.67%(6/36) in the control group(χ2=3.956, P=0.046).@*Conclusion@#Chronic suppurative otitis media tympanic membrane perforation patients treatment with endoscopic tympanic membrane repair is more effective, and the surgical method is better after surgery, so it is more acceptable to patients, it is worthy of promoting.
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Objective To investigate the effect of endoscopic tympanic membrane repair in the clinical treatment of patients with chronic suppurative otitis media with tympanic membrane perforation .Methods From November 2014 to September 2018,72 patients with chronic suppurative otitis media with tympanic membrane perforation in Taizhou Central Hospital were divided into control group and observation group according to different treatment methods , with 36 cases in each group.The control group underwent microsurgical tympanic membrane repair ,the observation group underwent endoscopic tympanic membrane repair.The bleeding volume and operation time of the two groups were compared.The pain degrees of the two groups were evaluated by numerical simulation scale ( VAS).The postoperative hospital stay and complications were recorded.The postoperative follow －up of 6 months was used to evaluate the aesthetics of the two groups.The hearing improvement status and treatment effect of the two groups were evaluated.Results The average surgical bleeding volume of the observation group was (6.14 ±1.25)mL,which was significantly less than that of the control group [( 19.87 ±2.65 ) mL], and the operation time was (75.69 ± 2.54)min,which was significantly shorter than that of the control group [( 102.34 ±3.69) min] ( t ＝28.116, 35.694,all P＜0.05).The VAS score of the observation group was (2.34 ±0.62) points,which was significantly lower than that of the control group [(3.59 ±0.85)points](t＝7.128,P＜0.05).The average length of hospital stay in the observation group was (4.89 ±1.25)d,which was significantly shorter than that in the control group [(9.18 ± 1.36)d](t＝13.935,P＜0.05).The incision satisfaction of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group(P＜0.05).The improvement in hearing of the observation group was (22.058 ±10.129) dB, which of the control group was (21.695 ±9.764)dB,the difference was not statistically significant (P＝0.487).The effective rate of the observation group was 94.44%(34／36),which of the control group was 91.67%(33／36) (χ2 ＝3.598,P＝0.165).The incidence rate of complications in the observation group was 2.78%(1／36),which was significantly lower than 16.67%(6／36) in the control group (χ2 ＝3.956,P＝0.046).Conclusion Chronic suppurative otitis media tympanic membrane perforation patients treatment with endoscopic tympanic membrane repair is more effective , and the surgical method is better after surgery ,so it is more acceptable to patients ,it is worthy of promoting.
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Objective To evaluate the median effective anesthetic dose of ropivacaine in ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane ( TAP ) block for analgesia in patients undergoing appendectomy. Methods Twenty-eight cases of appendectomy under general anesthesia were analyzed.After standardized general anaesthesia,a bilateral ultrasound-guided TAP block was performed on patients undergoing appendectomy using ropivacaine. Sequential method was applied. The initial dose of ropivacaine in first patient was 1.6 mg·kg-1,the dose adjustment interval was 0.2 mg·kg-1.Numerical Rating Scale was used to estimate the level of pain postoperatively. If NRS≤3, dosage of ropivacaine was decreased by 0. 2 mg·kg-1. The transversus abdominis plane block analgesia duration and incidences of postoperative adverse reactions were analyzed. Results Median effective dose (ED50) of ropivacaine in ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane block was 2.73 mg·kg-1.95%CI (1.94, 3.84) mg·kg-1. Conclusion The determination of ED50of ropivacaine in ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane block improved the anesthesia efficacy and safety.
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Objective To evaluate the effect of dexmedetomidine on the quality of intraoperative wake-up test in the patients undergoing balloon occlusion test of the internal carotid artery.Methods Forty-two patients of either sex with intracranial aneurysm,aged 57-78 yr,weighing 53-86 kg,of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅱ or Ⅲ,scheduled for elective balloon occlusion test of the internal carotid artery under general anesthesia,were assigned into 2 groups (n =21 each) using a random number table:propofol conbined with remifentanil group (group PR) and dexmedetomidine combined with propofol and remifentanil group (group DPR).In group DPR,dexmedetomidine was intravenously infused over 15 min in a loading dose of 0.5 μg · kg-1 before induction of anesthesia,followed by an infusion of 0.3 μg · kg-1 · h-1 throughout surgery.Propofol and remifentanil were given by target-controlled infusion (TCI) after infusion of the loading dose.The patients were mechanically ventilated after placement of the laryngeal mask airway.Maintenance of anesthesia was as follows:propofol and remifentanil were given by TCI with the target plasma concentrations of 0.5-1.0 μg/ml and 1-3 ng/ml,respectively,in group DPR;propofol and remifentanil were given by TCI with the target plasma concentrations of 3-5 μg/ml and 3-6 ng/ml,respectively,in group PR.Bispectral index (BIS) value was maintained at 40-60.Before wakeup test,propofol infusion was stopped and the target plasma concentration of remifentanil was decreased to 0.5 ng/ml in two groups,and the infusion rate of dexmedetomidine was decreased to 0.1 pg · kg-1 · h-1 in group DPR.The wake-up time was recorded and the wake-up quality was assessed.After admission to the operating room (T0,baseline),at 10 min before wake-up test (T1),immediately after patients were wakened (T2),at 10 min after patients were wakened (T3) and at the end of wake-up test (T4),the mean blood pressure (MAP),heart rate,respiratory rate (RR),SpO2 and BIS values were recorded.The development of intraoperative awareness,emergence time,postoperative agitation,nausea and vomiting,regurgitation and aspiration and severe pain was recorded.Results MAP,heart rate,SpO2 and RR were all within the normal range during wake-up period in two groups.Compared with the baseline at To,MAP was significantly decreased at Ti,3,4 in group PR,and BIS value was decreased at T1-4 in DPR and PR groups (P＜0.05).Compared with group PR,MAP was significantly increased at T1.3,BIS value was decreased at T24,the wake-up time was shortened,Ramsay sedation score and wake-up quality were increased,the emergence time was shortened,and the incidence of agitation was deceased (P＜0.05),and no significant change was found in verbal rating scale scores assessed after extubation in group DPR (P ＞ 0.05).No cardiovascular events,respiratory depression,intraoperative awareness,postoperative nausea and voniting,regurgitation and aspiration or severe pain was found in two groups.Conclusion Dexmedetomidine can raise the quality of intraoperative wake-up test in the patients undergoing balloon occlusion test of the internal carotid artery.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the incidence of bifid mandibular canals (BMC), and analyze the types, courses, and anatomic features of the variant canals in the adult population in Sichuan Province.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Five hundred patients (1 000 hemimandibles) underwent cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) were included in this study. The incidence, bifurcate types and courses of the BMC were evaluated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The incidence of BMC was 13.8% (69/500) in the study, 9.2% in terms of total hemimandibles. The most frequently type was retromolar canals, followed by the dental and buccolingual type, meanwhile the lowest was the forward type. The mean diameter of the accessory canals was 0.90 mm and the mean length was 9.39 mm.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>CBCT used in this study has shown that the incidence of BMC assessed by CBCT was significantly higher than panoramic radiography. Furthermore, CBCT can depict the position, course, size and the branches of the mandibular canals. .</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Cone-Beam Computed Tomography , Dental Pulp Cavity , Incidence , Mandible , Radiography, PanoramicABSTRACT
Objective To maintain the good psychological state of new nurses, stabilize nursing troop and improve nursing quality, we investigate the work pressure source and mental health of new nurses and analyze the correlation among work pressure, mental resilience and mental health. Methods According to the principle of convenience sampling,a total of 116 new nurses who get the job less than one year in the first hospital of Jilin university were investigated using the method of questionnaire survey. The Conner Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) were involved in the questionnaire. Results Mental resilience scores of new nurses were (63.73±15.11), the scores of anxiety and depression were (34.49±6.45) and (35.59±7.24). Work pressure was negatively correlated with mental resilience (P<0.01) and positively correlated with anxiety and depression (P<0.01). New nurses worried about making mistakes in the work accounted for 89.42 percents (93/104), which was the highest score in the stress source. Conclusions New nurses have good mental resilience and psychological health level, but work pressure has certain impact on mental resilience and mental health. Hospital managers should take active measures which include reducing pressure and improving the ability to help the new nurses through the adaptation as soon as possible.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the preventive effects of garlic oil (GO) on benzene-induced hematotoxicity in mice.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Specific pathogen-free male Kunming mice were randomly divided into 5 groups, i.e., control group, model group, and low-, middle-, and high-dose GO groups (n = 20 in each group). Mice in GO groups were orally given GO at 20, 40, or 80 mg/kg BW, while mice in the other two groups received an equal volume of corn oil. Two hours later, mice in model group and GO groups were orally given benzene (20%, v/v, dissolved in corn oil, 10 ml/kg BW) for 21 days consecutively. On the 22nd day, blood was collected from the orbital sinus, to determine the counts of red blood cells (RBC), white blood cells (WBC), and platelets (PLT) and hemoglobin level using an automatic blood cell counter. The mice were sacrificed thereafter. The spleen was excised and weighed for calculation of the spleen index (spleen weight/body weight×100%).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The counts of WBC, RBC, and PLT and Hb level in the model group were reduced by 40%, 18%, 28%, and 23.6%, respectively, as compared with those in the control group (P < 0.01). Compared with those in the model group, WBC and PLT counts in the high-dose GO group increased by 95% and 66%, respectively (P < 0.01), wherein lymphocytes and monocytes increased by 142% and 100%, respectively (P < 0.01); the RBC count and Hb level in the low-dose GO group increased by 15% and 16%, respectively (P < 0.05). GO significantly suppressed benzene-induced decreases in spleen weight and spleen index.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>GO is capable of suppressing benzene-induced hematotoxicity in mice. One possible mechanism may be promotion of hematopoiesis in the spleen.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Mice , Allyl Compounds , Pharmacology , Benzene , Poisoning , Blood Cell Count , Disease Models, Animal , Garlic , Chemistry , Plant Oils , Pharmacology , Sulfides , PharmacologyABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the acquaintance to orthodontics and possible factors that obstruct orthodontic treatment in middle school students in zones with different economic levels in Jiangjin, Chongqing.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The students were randomly divided into four groups: A class from a junior high school in town (group 1), a class from a senior high school in town (group 2), a class from a junior high school in the countryside (group 3), a class from a senior high school in the countryside (group 4). The information was collected by questionnaire, and the statistical analysis of results was carried out by SPSS 17.0 software.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Sex made difference in the acquaintance to orthodontics treatment. Girls worried more about teeth extraction and pain that may occur during treatment than the boys. Students in the city had more access to related consultations compared to those in the countryside. Different economic conditions made much contribution to the proportion to go for orthodontics treatment in cities and rural areas. The evaluation from families and friends may affect patients' subjective estimation to themselves.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Orthodontists should learn more about student patiens from various aspects, and make different therapies according to their sexes, economic conditions of family, education levels, etc. Only so can orthodontists get better compliance from their patients.</p>